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Academic Journal
Finance

“Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks: Using the Dividend Growth Model in Financial Planning”

The Dividend Growth Model is a standard pedagogical tool in pricing stocks where the dividend grows at a constant rate. However, few dividend policies conform to this restrictive pattern and therefore the model is often quickly discarded in finance classes. The constant growth assumption of a cash flow stream fits well with other financial problems such as saving for a college education or contributions to a pension plan. This paper presents a couple of applications for the Dividend Growth Model plus an extension to the model and belies the adage: you can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
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65-73 pages 2007 Ray Brooks Jimmy Yang View on: Google Scholar

Academic Journal
Finance

“Testing the CAPM across observed and fundamental returns”

The CAPM describes a relationship between risk and expected forward-looking returns. Existing research tests the model using realized returns as the proxy for ex-ante expectations. However, recent studies cast doubt on the ability of ex-post observed returns to proxy for ex-ante expectations. Using an alternative specification to proxy for investor expectations, I test the CAPM in the context of pricing size and book/market equities. The results indicate that the CAPM retains additional merit with an improved measure of expectations. However, the value premium appears large and significant across both specifications of expected returns.
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625-636 pages 2011 David Berger View on: Google Scholar

Academic Journal
Finance

“The choice between rights and underwritten equity offerings: Evidence from Chinese Stock Markets”

We study the choice and valuation effects of alternative flotation methods using a sample of Chinese firms that must meet the return on equity (ROE) thresholds set by the government to raise equity capital. The ROE requirement, although changed over time, seems to play an important role on the valuation and performance of seasoned equity offerings. The analysis of 219 rights and 75 underwritten offerings between 2000 and 2004 shows that Chinese firms that are not qualified for the flotation method with a higher ROE requirement suffer the most at announcement and experience significantly lower buy-and-hold abnormal returns than those that are qualified. Our results suggest that the freedom to choose their preferred flotation method may be valuable to firms that meet the higher ROE requirement. Finally, our probit models identify several determinants of the choice of flotation methods.
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235-253 pages 2013 Li Dang Jimmy Yang View on: Google Scholar

Academic Journal
Finance

“The Effect of Gender Diversity on Angel Group Investment”

We examine the impact that gender diversity has on angel group investment behavior for a sample of 183 group-years between 2000 and 2006. Our evidence suggests that gender diversity is a significant predictor of group investment behavior, and that the proportion of women angels in the group has a negative though nonlinear effect on investment likelihood. These data are most consistent with a situational interpretation that women invest differently when they are in the small minority compared with other situations. These results have important implications for the availability of funds for women entrepreneurs and call for greater participation of women investors in the angel marketplace.
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709-733 pages 2011 John Becker Blease Jeff Sohl View on: Google Scholar

Academic Journal
Finance

“The Effect of Price Limits on Intraday Volatility and Information Asymmetry”

We investigate the effect of price limits on intra-day volatility and information asymmetry using transactions data from the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Proponents of price limits argue that they provide an opportunity for investors to reevaluate market information and make more rational trading decisions. We identify three different limit hits – closing, single, and consecutive – and hypothesize that only the consecutive limit hits are likely to provide such an opportunity, namely, to counter investor overreaction (volatility hypothesis) and to enhance information revelation (information asymmetry hypothesis). Our empirical evidence supports the volatility hypothesis. Our findings generate important policy implications for stock markets that have price limits.
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522-538 pages 2008 Yong Kim Jimmy Yang View on: Google Scholar

Academic Journal
Finance

“The Effects of Executive, Firm, and Board Characteristics on Executive Exit”

We estimate a hazard model of the probability of top corporate executives exiting their firms over the period 1996–2010. Our main findings are that: (1) female executives have greater likelihoods of exit than males, (2) the likelihood of exit increases with the independence of the board and decreases with the fraction of the board that is female and the average age of board members, and (3) a higher percentage of independent directors on the board lowers the probability of exit more for females than for males. Further, controlling for exit risk reduces the well-documented compensation differential between men and women.
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527-557 pages 2016 The Financial Review John Becker Blease View on: Google Scholar

Academic Journal
Finance

“The Effects of Market Inefficiencies on Trading Strategies for Country Funds”

Economists disagree about how sensitive country fund prices are to U.S. market returns. We provide additional evidence on this issue through an examination of daily fund discounts. Fund shares provide significant average returns in the three days following large positive and negative discount changes. This finding suggests that large short-term changes in the relation between price and underlying value are not quickly mitigated in the market for country fund shares. Following large negative discount changes, the returns on fund shares and NAVs are of greater magnitude when the S&P 500 Index declines by more than 1%. This is consistent with negative changes in U.S. market sentiment affecting both country fund prices and NAVs in the short-term. Simple trading strategies that take advantage of large discount changes around big changes in the U.S. market appear generally profitable even after adjusting for transaction costs. The limited liquidity in country fund shares suggests that it may be difficult to implement such strategies.
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2964-84 pages 2005 International Journal of Finance J. Hughen Prem Mathew Kent Ragan

Academic Journal
Finance

“The efficiency of international information flow: Evidence from the ETF and CEF Prices”

While similar in their trading and organization, closed-end funds (CEFs) and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) differ in their liquidity and ease of arbitrage. We compare their price transmission dynamics using a sample of funds that invest in foreign securities and are most likely to show the deficiencies in the manner in which they process information. Our analysis shows that ETF returns are more closely related to their portfolio returns than CEF returns. However, both fund types underreact to portfolio returns but overreact to domestic stock market returns. A simple trading strategy using these results is profitable with roundtrip trading costs less than 1.38% for CEFs and 0.71% for ETFs.
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40-49 pages 2009 C. Hughen Prem Mathew View on: Google Scholar

Academic Journal
Finance

“The Financially Material Effects of Mandatory Non-Financial Disclosure”

Complaints from institutional investors suggest that principles-based disclosure regimes that rely on financial materiality standards produce inadequate nonfinancial environmental and social (E&S) information. Using the staggered introduction of 40 country-level regulations that mandate disclosure, I document that reporting E&S information relates to increased investment from institutional owners and has material effects on firms’ investment and financing decisions. Firms mandated to disclose E&S information allocate more investment toward long-term, innovative projects and raise more equity capital. Evidence indicates that disclosure attracts long-term–oriented institutional clientele with E&S preferences, which then feeds back on firm decision making. Although the effects of nonfinancial disclosure are similar to those of improved financial disclosure, this clientele mechanism is unique. Taken together, these results suggest that jurisdictions that rely solely on financial materiality disclosure standards create nonfinancial information frictions with material effects on investors and firm decision making.
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1711-1754 pages 2023 Wiley Brian Gibbons